Astaxanthin ameliorates damage to the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex caused by methotrexate

ASLANKOÇ R., ÖZMEN Ö., Yalcin A.

BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY, vol.97, no.5, pp.382-393, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 97 Issue: 5
  • Publication Date: 2022
  • Doi Number: 10.1080/10520295.2021.2004616
  • Journal Name: BIOTECHNIC & HISTOCHEMISTRY
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, BIOSIS, Biotechnology Research Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, MEDLINE, Veterinary Science Database
  • Page Numbers: pp.382-393
  • Keywords: Astaxanthin, blood, cerebellar cortex, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, methotrexate, neuroprotection, oxidative stress, rats, CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM, NITRIC-OXIDE SYNTHASE, OXIDATIVE STRESS, BRAIN-INJURY, SPINAL-CORD, RAT MODEL, INFLAMMATION, INHIBITION, DEFICITS, MEMORY
  • Süleyman Demirel University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

We investigated the ameliorating effects of astaxanthin (AXA) on methotrexate (MTX) induced damage to the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellar cortex and blood. We used 24 female Wistar albino rats divided into three groups of eight as follows: sham/control group, single dose of saline intraperitoneally (i.p.) and 7 days orally; MTX group, single dose of 20 mg/kg MTX (i.p.); MTX + AXA group, single dose of 20 mg/kg MTX i.p.+ 100 mg/kg AXA orally for 7 days. For all groups we measured total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and blood. Histological sections of cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex were inspected microscopically. Caspase-3 (cas-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), growth related oncogene (GRO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and myelin basic protein (MBP) were estimated immunohistochemically in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex. In the MTX group, TAS was decreased significantly in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and blood, while TOS was significantly increased. AXA significantly ameliorated oxidative stress parameters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Histopathological examination revealed degeneration, edema and hyperemia in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex in the MTX group. AXA treatment ameliorated histopathological changes. MTX decreased MBP expression in cerebral cortex. Although MBP expression was decreased in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex stimulated with MTX, the expressions of cas-3, GCSF, GRO and iNOS were significantly increased. AXA ameliorated the expression of cas-3, GCSF, GRO, iNOS and MBP. AXA exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects on MTX induced toxicity in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex by increasing MBP expression, regulating inflammatory cytokine release and reducing oxidative stress.