Hand warmer types, silica and zeolite 4A as potential hand warmers
Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, cilt.42, sa.2, ss.356-365, 2024 (ESCI, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 42 Sayı: 2
- Basım Tarihi: 2024
- Doi Numarası: 10.14744/sigma.2024.00035
- Dergi Adı: Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.356-365
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Air Activated Hand Warmers, Reusable Hand Warmers, Silica Gel, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate, Zeolite 4A
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Hand warmers are used in cold environmental conditions to warm hands. Disposable air activated hand warmers and reusable hand warmers which generate heat by crystallization are present in the market. In the present study utilizing heat of wetting of silica gel and zeolites in warming hands was tested in a system simulated to warm hands by inserting warmer packages in knitted wool gloves. Sodium acetate solution was also tested as a reusable hand warmer by melting and recrystallization. While the commercial warmers released heat slowly for long period, dry silica gel and dry zeolite 4A released heat fast. Around 25% water and inert dilution materials should be used to limit the temperature rise in silica gel and zeolite 4A within reasonable limits.