Development of Vitamin C-Enriched Lentil Hummus With Innovative Microwave Technologies

Tenderis B., Tang Z., Lin H., Bohnet S., Tang J., Sablani S. S.

Journal of Food Process Engineering, vol.48, no.4, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 48 Issue: 4
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1111/jfpe.70104
  • Journal Name: Journal of Food Process Engineering
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Applied Science & Technology Source, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), Biotechnology Research Abstracts, Business Source Elite, Business Source Premier, CAB Abstracts, Compendex, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, INSPEC, Veterinary Science Database
  • Keywords: MAPS, MATS, microwave pasteurization, microwave sterilization, ready to eat
  • Süleyman Demirel University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Hummus, a nutrient-dense food rich in dietary fiber, plant-based proteins, and various micronutrients, is widely consumed in many countries worldwide. However, its preparation methods can pose a risk of microbial contamination and foodborne outbreaks. This study aimed to evaluate the use of innovative technologies of microwave-assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) technologies and microwave-assisted pasteurization system (MAPS) in the production of microbially safe ready-to-eat hummus. Experimental studies provided data on the lipid oxidation, color, pH, and vitamin C content in microwave-processed lentil hummus during the storage process. The lipid oxidation value of the lentil hummus was found to be below the acceptable threshold. By the end of the storage period, the retention of vitamin C was measured at 76% in MAPS-treated samples and 33.5% in MATS-treated samples. MAPS-treated samples showed stable color properties throughout storage, whereas MATS-treated samples exhibited a decrease in L* values. Both MAPS and MATS methods initially increased the pH of the hummus samples, followed by a gradual decline during storage. These technologies ensure the safety of mass-produced hummus without chemical preservatives.