Exercise training as a treatment for rheumatoid cachexia in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Physical Therapy Reviews, vol.30, no.3, pp.186-196, 2025 (ESCI, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Review
- Volume: 30 Issue: 3
- Publication Date: 2025
- Doi Number: 10.1080/10833196.2025.2505295
- Journal Name: Physical Therapy Reviews
- Journal Indexes: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus
- Page Numbers: pp.186-196
- Keywords: exercise, exercise training, muscle wasting, Rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid cachexia
- Süleyman Demirel University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid cachexia (RC) in rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by decreased muscle mass and increased fat mass due to chronic inflammation. Exercise may help counteract these adverse changes. Objective: To assess the effects of exercise on fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), and isometric knee extensor strength in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis included randomized controlled and controlled trials. A random-effects model was used to pool effect sizes. Results: Six studies with 119 rheumatoid arthritis patients were analysed. Exercise programs (12–24 weeks) included resistance, proprioceptive, and water-based exercises. Exercise significantly reduced FM [SMD −0.20, 95% CI (-1.20, 0.79), p < 0.001], increased LBM [SMD 0.66, 95% CI (-0.77, 2.09), p < 0.001], and improved knee extensor strength [SMD 3.01, 95% CI (0.59, 5.43), p < 0.001]. Conclusion: Exercise reduces fat mass, increases lean body mass, and improves muscle strength in rheumatoid arthritis patients, helping to counteract rheumatoid cachexia.