Advanced skin delivery systems: Formulation strategies, therapeutic potential and patent perspectives
Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, cilt.125, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
- Cilt numarası: 125
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.jddst.2026.108692
- Dergi Adı: Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, EMBASE
- Anahtar Kelimeler: 3D printing, Microneedles, Nanosystems, Skin delivery, Vesicular carriers
- Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The advantages of skin drug delivery include the reduction of systemic side effects, the elimination of the first-pass effect, high patient compliance, and the provision of a specific effect on the target region. Additionally, almost one-third of the world's population is affected by skin disorders, which are the fourth most common type of human disease. However, only a limited number of drugs with lipophilic or amphiphilic properties can successfully penetrate the skin barrier. Conventional formulations such as creams, gels, and ointments often exhibit poor permeability due to the stratum corneum's restrictive nature. In recent years, advanced nanoformulation and vesicular carriers strategies have emerged as very promising approaches to overcome the stratum corneum barrier to enhance drug permeation/penetration. Transforming the microsized particles to nanosized particles increases the surface area, saturation solubility, permeability, and dermal bioavailability. Nanoformulations and vesicular carriers improve dermal permeation/penetration, stability, retention with tunable release kinetics, enabling effective treatment of various infections and skin disorders with localized and systemic effects. Additionally, strategies such as microneedling and 3D printing have been developed to enhance drug delivery efficiency by modifying the skin barrier before drug application. This review focused on novel dermal delivery systems, including nanosystems (nanosuspensions, nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanogels, and nanoemulsions) and vesicular systems (liposomes, niosomes, etc.), analyzing their structural properties, formulation approaches, therapeutic applications, patent status, and commercial products. Additionally, microneedle and 3D printing strategies are discussed to enhance drug delivery efficiency by modulating the skin barrier before drug administration.