Early Maladaptive Schemas and Penetration Cognitions in Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder: A Multicenter Study
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, cilt.37, ss.170-179, 2026 (SSCI, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 37
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.5080/u27894
- Dergi Adı: Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Scopus, Central & Eastern European Academic Source (CEEAS), MEDLINE, Psycinfo, Biomedical Reference Collection: Corporate Edition (EBSCO), Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest)
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.170-179
- Anahtar Kelimeler: genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, schemas, sexual functioning, vaginal penetration cognitions, vaginismus
- Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between early maladaptive schemas, vaginal penetration-related cognitions, and sexual functioning in women diagnosed with Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder (GPPPD), compared with a control group. Method: This cross-sectional, multicenter study included 100 women diagnosed with GPPPD and 120 volunteer women in whom no sexual dysfunction was detected. Participants completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5), the Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form-3 (YSQ-SF3), the Vaginal Penetration Cognitions Questionnaire (VPCQ), and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS). Group differences were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, associations were assessed with Spearman correlation analysis, and a multivariable logistic regression analysis was also performed. Results: Compared with the control group, women diagnosed with GPPPD had significantly higher levels of negative vaginal penetration cognitions and early maladaptive schemas, particularly pessimism, approval-seeking, defectiveness, punitiveness, vulnerability to harm, and unrelenting standards (p<0.001). In addition, genital incompatibility cognitions were associated with pessimism and self-sacrifice schemas, whereas catastrophic and pain-related cognitions were associated with the approval-seeking schema. In the logistic regression analysis, unemployment, higher age at marriage, catastrophic and pain-related cognitions, and genital incompatibility cognitions were independently associated with the presence of GPPPD. Conclusion: Women diagnosed with GPPPD were found to have more negative sexual cognitions and more pronounced maladaptive schema patterns. The findings suggest that evaluating negative penetration-related cognitions together with early maladaptive schemas may be clinically useful in GPPPD.