Electrochemical Determination of Urea with Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode
Journal of the Electrochemical Society, cilt.173, sa.11, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 173 Sayı: 11
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1149/1945-7111/ae647f
- Dergi Adı: Journal of the Electrochemical Society
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Applied Science & Technology Source, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, INSPEC, Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, Homodinuclear iminoxime Cu(II) complex, pencil graphite electrode, urea
- Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Urea is the non-toxic product of nitrogenous organic molecules in human and mammalian metabolism. Low or high urea concentration in metabolism can also be a symptom of various diseases. Therefore, determination of urea concentration in blood and urine is of vital importance, especially in clinical studies. In our study, a polypyrrole-based oxime modified electrode (PGE/PPy/H2KD) was developed in which a homodinuclear iminoxime Cu(II) complex compound modified on a new pencil graphite electrode was used as a modifier for the first time. The voltammetric behaviors of the PGE/PPy/H2KD electrode and their differentiation compared to the plain polypyrrole electrode were investigated comparatively. The PGE/PPy/H2KD electrode works via a detection mechanism and has been used for the electrochemical determination of urea in aqueous solutions. The differentiation of the pencil graphite electrode modified with a homodinuclear iminoxime Cu(II) complex-polypyrrole film and the increase in its selectivity toward the urea molecule were investigated. The PGE/PPy/H2KD electrode exhibited a linear calibration range of 1.67–15 μM in aqueous solutions (r2 = 0.9978). The detection limit was determined to be 0.71 μM, and the electrode achieved a high recovery value in real sample analyses.