Türkiye’ de Şan eğitiminde yararlanılan sahne performansına yönelik kitaplar ekseninde oda müziği için Antik Aryalar Projesi.

Creative Commons License

Bozkurt A., Özkan Köse P.

JOURNAL OF TURKISH STUDIES, cilt.4, sa.19, ss.1501-1527, 2024 (TRDizin)

Özet

Bu çalışma, lisans düzeyi şan eğitiminde kullanılan performansa yönelik kitaplar ve içerikleri ile şan eserlerinin oda müziği repertuvarında kullanılma durumları hakkında veri toplamayı amaçlayan nitel bir araştırmadır. Bu amaçla ülkemizde yayımlanmış, alan özelindeki, kitaplara yönelik bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiş ve doküman incelemesi yapılarak, kitapların içerik bakımından nasıl bir görünüm sergiledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada özgün besteler ve klasik müzik repertuvarındaki eserlerle birlikte kaynağını Türk müziği ve halk müziklerinden alan pek çok çalışmanın kaynak kitaplar arasında yer aldığı saptanmıştır. Düzenleme biçimleri bakımından ise kitaplarda yer alan eserlerin, klasik müzik dağarından derlenen eserler, özgün besteler, türküler ve Türk müziği şarkılarından oluşan, çoğunlukla piyano eşlikli düzenlemeler olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma kapsamında klasik müzik repertuvarından derlenerek hazırlanan kitap içerikleri; eser türleri, dönemleri ile teknik ve müzikal açıdan zorluk düzeyleri bakımından analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda ulaşılan kitapların büyük çoğunluğunun piyano eşlikli düzenlemeler olduğu ve ‘başlangıç düzeyi’ şan performansına yönelik oda müziği ve/veya orkestra dağarına yönelik basılı kitap şeklinde bir çalışmanın olmadığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen bu iki bulgu Türkiye’de oda müziği kapsamında başlangıç düzeyi şan repertuvarına yönelik kaynakların yetersiz ve/veya bu kaynakların kolay ulaşılabilir olmadığını göstermiştir. Araştırma verileri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından desteklenen STK-2023-9006 numaralı Toplumsal Katkı Projesi kapsamında yürütülen ‘Oda Müziği için Antik Aryalar’ projesinin doğmasına kaynaklık etmiştir. Proje kapsamında başlangıç düzeyi şan eğitiminde kullanılmak üzere antik aryalar dağarından literatür taraması yapılarak seçilen sekiz eser; şan, keman, piyano ve viyolonsel için düzenlenmiştir. Seçilen eserlerin müzikal ve teknik açıdan kritikleri yapılarak, şan performansına yönelik kazanımları ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Şan partisine eşlik eden çalgıların düzenlenmesinde dönem ve icra özelliklerinin yanı sıra çalgıların teknik ve müzikal sınırlılıkları çerçevesinde oda müziği düzenlemeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan düzenlemeler Oda Müziği İçin Antik Aryalar adı ile kitaplaştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın bir sonucu olarak, müzikalitenin gelişiminde önemli bir paydası olan birlikte müzik yapma eylemine ilişkin beste ve düzenlemelerin yapılması teşvik edilerek daha fazla çalışma yapılması ve bu repertuvarın başlangıç düzeyinden itibaren öğrencilere sunulması önerilmektedir.

Structured Abstract: This study is a qualitative research that aims to collect data about the performance books used in undergraduate level singing education and their contents and the use of singing works in chamber music repertoire. Literature review and document analysis model were used in the study. In this context, the research is based on two main objectives. The first is to make a review of the books for performance in undergraduate singing education and their contents, and the second is to provide explanatory information about the content of the book Ancient Arias for Chamber Music, which is prepared by using the ancient arias repertoire, which is the first source works of singing education. The review of the books used in singing education was limited by the criteria of ‘being published in Turkey’, ‘being at undergraduate level’ and ‘being compiled from classical music repertoire’. The organization of these books was determined and information was given about the genres, periods, technical and musical difficulty levels of the works in the books compiled from the classical music repertoire. 

In undergraduate level singing education, 31 books published between 1978 and 2023 in Turkey for stage performance were found. The contents of the books differ in terms of various variables such as the type of the selected works, the arrangement style and the accompanying instrument. Accordingly, it is seen that there are 5 subcategories in terms of the type of work selected: original, classical, folk, Turkish and mixed. It can be said that books consisting of original compositions, folk music and Turkish music arrangements contribute positively to both the understanding of national music education, which has been adopted since the early days of the Republic, and to educational music.

6 of the books containing classical music works are piano-accompanied sources compiled from the singing literature. 1 of them has guitar accompaniment and was compiled with the method of transcription and brought to the literature. There are 4 books with piano accompaniment containing original music composed for singing. Sixteen of the folk music pieces are arrangements with piano accompaniment and one with guitar accompaniment. There is 1 book with piano accompaniment in which Turkish music pieces are arranged, and 2 books with piano accompaniment in which mixed (including more than one genre) arrangements are included. According to this distribution, the majority (52%) of the accessible sources are folk music arrangements with piano accompaniment.

Among the books identified in the compilation type books with classical music repertoire; Romance, Endecha, Villancico, Motet, Soneto, Aria Antique, Aria, Duet Songs, Opera Duets, Lied, Neapolitan, Contemporary Period Songs are included. In terms of musical periods, Renaissance, Early Baroque, Baroque, Classical, Transition from Classical to Romantic, Early Romantic, Middle Romantic, Late Romantic and Contemporary Period works are included.

Within this book inventory, it was seen that the works that can be evaluated within the scope of chamber music are the arrangements of Nart (2013) and Sıvacı (2022). It is noteworthy that 29 of the 31 books listed as a result of the literature review were prepared as singing works with piano accompaniment. In this context, it can be said that the studies generally aim to accompany the singing part by focusing on basic concepts such as intonation, rhythm and musicality.

As a result of the review, it was seen that almost all of the books reached were piano-accompanied arrangements and there was no printed book on chamber music and/or orchestral repertoire for ‘beginner’ level singing performance. These two findings indicate that there are insufficient and/or not easily accessible resources for beginner level singing repertoire in chamber music in Turkey. The research data has been the source of the ‘Ancient Arias for Chamber Music’ project carried out within the scope of the Social Contribution Project numbered STK-2023-9006 supported by Süleyman Demirel University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit.

Thus, it is aimed that the aryantic works, which are frequently used in singing lessons, will be among the “visual (book) and auditory (sound recording/album)” resources by arranging chamber music for the first time in the music education repertoire. With this aim, eight ancient arias that support the teaching of “basic knowledge and skills” in singing education have been determined and a repertoire of educational music that can be used as a repertoire in both singing education and orchestra-chamber music lessons has been created by considering the principle of easy to difficult. In this book, information about the subjects, themes and characteristics of the eight ancient arias selected within the scope of the study is given, and Turkish translations and readings of the lyrics are included. In this article, more comprehensive information about the works is presented and the technical and musical issues that should be considered for the correct performance of the selected arias in terms of singing technique are mentioned. In addition, technical details about the arrangement for violin, cello and piano instruments in the performance of the aryantics in chamber music form are explained. Thus, the importance of the selected repertoire for beginner singing students and musicians who will perform chamber music and the gains for stage performance were revealed.

Thanks to the repertoire obtained with the study, it is predicted that it will contribute to singing students, who have less performance opportunities in chamber music, orchestra (etc.) lessons, especially compared to string instruments class, to take a more active role. In addition, thanks to the detailed information and suggestions given for the interpretation of the eight ancient arias in the book, it is thought that it will have positive outputs on stage performance. In this respect, it can be said that “Ancient Arias for Chamber Music” is one of the first works organized for vocal-violin-cello and piano that includes beginner level singing repertoire. Therefore, it is recommended that the act of making music together, which has an important stake in the development of musicality, should be presented to students from the beginning level and more studies should be conducted on this repertoire.